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Hypnotherapy for the Hearing Impaired - Steve G. Jones
Effects of music therapy on labour pain and anxiety in Taiwanese first-time mothers
AIMS: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of music on pain reaction and anxiety during labour. BACKGROUND: Music therapy has been used on clinical medicine. Only few scientific studies validate the value on labour women. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. METHODS: Sixty primiparas expected to have a normal spontaneous delivery were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 30) or the control group (n = 30). The experimental group received routine care and music therapy, whereas the control group received routine care only. A self-report visual analogue scale for pain and a nurse-rated present behavioural intensity were used to measure labour pain. Anxiety was measured with a visual analogue scale for anxiety and finger temperature. Pain and anxiety between groups were compared during the latent phase (2-4 cm cervical dilation) and active phase (5-7 cm) separately. RESULTS: Our results revealed that compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly lower pain, anxiety and a higher finger temperature during the latent phase of labour. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups on all outcome measures during the active phase. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for the use of music as an empirically based intervention of women for labour pain and anxiety during the latent phase of labour. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The findings support that music listening is an acceptable and non-medical coping strategy for labouring women. Especially, apply in reducing the pain and anxiety for women who are at the early phase of labour.
What is your level of confidence and why should you care? To a statistician, confidence levels would mean how reliably could a certain condition occur or be predicted and expressed as a percentage. For instance, when putting if a golfer can reliably get his ball into the cup nine times out of 10, a statistician would say that he has a 90% reliability. This can also be expressed as 0.9. However, a psychologist would look at this slightly differently. What she may be looking at is the effect that a level of confidence would have on a person's self-esteem. A person's self-awareness or ego can...
Like eating-related addictions, those involving sexual urges stem from what is a normal and healthy part of life. However, once sexually-related behavior becomes less of a choice and more of an uncontrollable behavior, help is needed.
A man with a significant sexual addiction once came to see me. Apparently, his life had gotten so far out of control that his behavior patterns had ruined many otherwise successful relationships. Of course, this does not count the problems of participating in activities that were medically dangerous and even illegal. In his case, he was addicted to...
Psychotherapy is a very general term which refers to any interaction between one person, a couple, or a group and another who presumably has specific training and skills dealing with the healing of various situations involving the human mind. It is a contraction between the word psyche, which is the Greek word for spirit or soul, and the word therapy, which refers to corrective treatment for a illness, disease, or pathology. It logically overlaps the concept and/or field of psychology, which is defined as the science of the mind.
As a field of practice the term psychotherapy is so vague...
